Angioedema

Anytime your child experiences unexplained swelling or a rash it can be cause for concern. If you notice swelling, especially around the eyes, lips and possibly your child’s throat, it could be a condition known as angioedema, which is commonly caused by an allergic reaction. If swelling becomes severe or affects your child’s breathing, seek emergency care immediately.

Our team of allergy and asthma specialists is here to help. They’ll get to the bottom of what’s causing the swelling, create a treatment plan to fit your child’s needs and get them back to doing the activities they enjoy.

What is the difference between hives or urticaria and angioedema?

Urticaria, commonly known as hives, and angioedema often occur together, but they are different conditions. Urticaria involves raised, itchy bumps on the surface of the skin, while angioedema develops in the deeper layers of the skin, leading to swelling.

Both conditions can result from an allergic reaction, but angioedema is typically more severe and can affect areas such as the throat, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

What conditions are similar to angioedema?

Several conditions can mimic the symptoms of angioedema, making diagnosis challenging. These include:

• Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause swelling, difficulty breathing and a drop in blood pressure
• Cellulitis: A bacterial infection that affects deep layers of the skin, leading to swelling, redness and warmth in the affected area
• Erysipelas: A bacterial infection that causes red, swollen and painful skin, often along with fever and chills
• Lymphedema: Swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system, often in the arms or legs

Diagnosing angioedema

Diagnosing angioedema typically involves a physical examination. Your child’s pediatrician may ask about recent exposures to allergens, medications and family history to determine the cause.

In some cases, blood tests or genetic testing may be required, especially if hereditary angioedema is suspected. Accurate diagnosis can help you and your child manage this condition effectively.

Angioedema treatment

Treatment for angioedema focuses on managing symptoms and preventing recurrences. The approach varies depending on the type and severity of the condition:

• For allergic angioedema: Avoiding foods your child is allergic to is essential. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce swelling and manage allergic reactions. In severe cases, epinephrine (such as EPIPEN) may be necessary.
• For hereditary angioedema: Treatment may include C1 inhibitor replacement therapy, medications to prevent attacks and lifestyle changes such as avoiding known allergens.
• Emergency treatment: If your child experiences swelling in the throat or difficulty breathing, administer epinephrine and get emergency care immediately.
• Long-term management: For chronic or recurrent angioedema, a comprehensive treatment plan may involve regular medications, lifestyle adjustments and ongoing monitoring by your child’s doctor.